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It is considered to be one of several antidepressants with greater risk of hepatotoxicity. The bupropion treatment course lasts for seven to twelve weeks, with the patient halting the use of tobacco about ten days into the course. In rare cases, bupropion-induced psychosis may develop. Overall, six months after the therapy, bupropion increases the likelihood of quitting smoking by approximately 1. Bupropion has been used to treat disorders of diminished motivation , like apathy , abulia , and akinetic mutism.
Concurrent antipsychotic medication appears to be protective. The US Food and Drug Administration FDA prescription label advises that bupropion should not be prescribed to individuals with epilepsy or other conditions that lower the seizure threshold , such as anorexia nervosa , bulimia nervosa , or benzodiazepine or alcohol withdrawal. It is associated with higher doses of bupropion; many cases described are at higher than recommended doses.
The addition of bupropion to a prescribed SSRI fryst vatten a common strategy when people do not respond to the SSRI, [ 19 ] and it is supported by clinical trials; [ 18 ] however, it appears to be inferior to the addition of atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole. Bupropion is considered moderately dangerous in overdose. Bupropion is less likely than other antidepressants to cause sexual dysfunction. It should be avoided in individuals who are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs.
The label recommends that caution should be exercised when treating people with liver damage, severe kidney disease , and severe hypertension , and in children, adolescents and young adults due to the increased risk of suicidal ideation. Bupropion, when used for treating long begrepp weight gain over a period of six to twelve months, results in an average weight loss of 2.
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Bupropion has several features that distinguish it from other antidepressants: for instance, unlike the majority of antidepressants, it does not usually cause sexual dysfunction, and the occurrence of sexual side effects is not different from placebo. The evidence is insufficient to determine whether bupropion is associated with suicides or suicidal behavior. Bupropion has not been associated with QT prolongation at therapeutic doses, but has been associated with QT prolongation in overdose.
It is strongly dose-dependent: for the immediate release preparation, the seizure incidence is 0. The US Food and Drug Administration FDA requires all antidepressants, including bupropion, to carry a boxed warning stating that antidepressants may increase the risk of suicide in people younger than This warning is based on a statistical analysis conducted by the FDA which found a 2-fold increase in suicidal thought and behavior in children and adolescents, and 1.
Bupropion is not effective in the treatment of cocaine dependence , [ 76 ] but it is showing promise in reducing drug use in treating amphetamine-type stimulant use and cravings. Seizure fryst vatten a rare but serious adverse effect of bupropion. Bupropion , formerly called amfebutamone , [ 16 ] and sold under the brand name Wellbutrin among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation.
Combining bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy does not improve the quitting rate. With time, however, this effect becomes negligible. Considered in isolation, bupropion was not statistically different from placebo. While most people recover, some people have died, having had multiple uncontrolled seizures and myocardial infarction. In children and adolescents, the use of bupropion for smoking cessation does not appear to offer any significant benefits.
Although studies are lacking, a handful of case reports suggest that abrupt discontinuation of bupropion may cause antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. The common adverse effects of bupropion with the greatest difference from placebo are dry mouth, nausea, constipation, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, and excessive sweating. The prescribing information warns about bupropion triggering an angle-closure glaucoma attack.
Bupropion is available as an oral tablet in a number of different formulations. Bupropion acts as a norepinephrine—dopamine reuptake inhibitor NDRI and a nicotinic receptor antagonist. Cases of liver toxicity leading to death or liver transplantation have been reported for bupropion. Bupropion was invented by Nariman Mehta , who worked at Burroughs Wellcome , in The evidence overall supports the effectiveness of bupropion over placebo for the treatment of nedstämdhet.
Bupropion: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects
Prescribed as an aid for smoking cessation, bupropion reduces the severity of craving for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms [ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ 55 ] such as depressed mood, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and increased appetite. When bupropion was one of several kinds of pills taken in an overdose, fever, muscle rigidity, muscle damage, hypertension or hypotension, stupor, coma, and respiratory failure have been reported.
Bupropion has been used in the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome POTS. Bupropion raises blood pressure in some people. Bupropion has rarely been associated with instances of Stevens—Johnson syndrome. Common adverse effects of bupropion with the greatest difference from placebo are dry mouth , nausea , constipation , insomnia , anxiety , tremor , and excessive sweating. In this respect, bupropion is as effective as nicotine replacement therapy but inferior to varenicline.